Official garments of Croatian teachers and students through history

Authors

  • Vesna Marija Potočić Matković Faculty of Textile Technology University of Zagreb, Department of Textile Mechanical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2907-7306
  • Ivo Soljačić Faculty of Textile Technology University of Zagreb, Department of Textile-Chemical Technology and Material Testing Zagreb, Croatia
  • Zlatka Mencl-Bajs Faculty of Textile Technology of the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Keywords:

official garments of Croatian teachers, official garments of Croatian students, academic garment, academic ceremonial garments

Abstract

Almost no notes have been found that would say something of the official garments in schools from the 12th- 16th century in Croatia. We can presume that the teachers and the students were dressed in simple forms of closed garbs, for instance Benedictines and Paulines, first teachers in their monasteries schools, were dressed in their official clothes while teaching. In Croatian institutes (Collegium) abroad, students had to be dressed in a special manner. At the very foundation of the Academy (University) in Zagreb, on September 23rd 1669, approved by the diploma (charter) issued by the Roman Emperor and Hungarian-Croatian king Leopold I, every person who earned the academic degree of doctor, licence (master) and baccalaureate, earned the right to wear academic garment and cap, i.e. ceremonial cloak (epomiša), doctoral hat, ring and other insignia of the kind. Although the rights were granted, they were not consumed at the moment, since the general of the Jesuit order did not approve of wearing the insignia. The professors - Jesuits - were wearing the garment of their order. The reason why the academic garment was not developed afterwards probably is in the fact that the Empress Maria Theresia did not approve of the academic garments as well. Afterwards, the deans were wearing golden chains with a medal only. This is why, when the modem University of Zagreb was founded in 1874, the Emperor Franz Joseph I made a gift of golden chains to the rector and the deans of the Faculty of Theology, Faculty of Law and Faculty of Philosophy. They were supposed to be worn at ceremonial occasions, together with a frock suit and top hat. There was also a tradition which said that a pedel in a ceremonial dress should wear the university sceptre. There were official students‘ garments at the University from 1895 to 1942, and occasionally they were worn at ceremonial occasions. Rector of the University of Zagreb, Z. Šeparović, did introduced official gowns during his mandate in 1990, but they were various in style. New academic ceremonial garments were designed in 1998, based on historical research, and have been used ever since.

Published

2008-10-31

How to Cite

[1]
Potočić Matković, V.M., Soljačić, I. and Mencl-Bajs, Z. 2008. Official garments of Croatian teachers and students through history. Tekstil. 57, 10 (Oct. 2008), 516–524.

Issue

Section

Review article

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